Seasons

Seasons

Year - שָנָה "shana" - a feminine noun, as evidenced by the ending "a". Note the exception: in the plural (years/years), the word שָנָה takes on the masculine ending "im" - שָׁנִים "shanim". And if you want to say the 90s, then you should use the feminine ending “from” - שנוֹת הַתִּשְׁעים (shnot a tishim - 90s). Here are some more examples with the word שָנָה:

This year - הַשָׁנָה "hashana" (in this case, specification is carried out using the definite article ה). Example: הַשָׁנָה אֲנִי לוֹמֵד בָּאוּנִיבֶרסִיטָה (“hashaṇa ani lomed bauniversita” — this year I am studying at university)

Anniversary

Calendar

New Year - רֹאשׁ הַשָׁנָה “rosh hashanah” (literally “head of the year”).

Seasons - עוֹנוֹת הַשָנָה "it hashanah". The word עוֹנָה “she” is a season.

Spring - אָבִיב "Aviv"

Summer - קָיִץ "kait"

Autumn - סְתָיו "becoming"

Winter - חֹרֶף "choref"

Months

The month is חֹדֶשׁ “hodesh”, the month is חוֹדָשִׁים “hodashim”. Example: בְּחוֹדֶשׁ אוֹגוּסט אֲנִי יוֹצֵא לְחוּפשָׁה (“be khodesh ogust ani yotse lehufsha” — I go on vacation in August). In Israel, there are two names for each month - the first according to the Jewish calendar, the second according to the international one. I practically don’t use the first name, so the names of the months are similar to ours, and the main emphasis should be placed on them when teaching.

Month International calendar Pronunciation Jewish calendar Pronunciation

January יָנוּאַר Januar שְבָט (January-February) Shevat

February פֶבּרוּאַר February אֲדָר (February-March) Adar

March מֶרץ März נִיסָן (March-April) Nisan

April אַפּרִיל April אִייָר (April-May) Iyar

May מַאי May סִיווָן (May-June) Sivan

June יוּנִי Yuni תַמוּז (June-July) Tamuz

July יוּלִי Yuli אָב (July-August) Av

August אוֹגוּסט August אֱלוּל (August-September) Elul

September סֶפּטֶמבֶּר September תִשרֵי (September-October) Tishrei

October אוֹקטוֹבֶּר Oktober חֶשווָן (October-November) Cheshvan

November נוֹבֶמבֶּר November כִּסלֵו (November-December) Kislav

December דֶצֶמבֶּר Detsember טֵבֵת (December-January) Tevet

Days of the week

The day is יוֹם “yom”, the week is שָׁבוּעַ “shavuah”, the days of the week are יָמִּי הַשָׁבוּעַ “yamey hashavuah”. The main confusion for Russian-speaking people arises in connection with the shift in the first day of the week and the literal, ordinal name in Hebrew. For example: Tuesday - yom shlishi ("shalosh" - three, the word "shlishi" - the third is formed from it. Thus, the second day of the week is Tuesday, and in Hebrew "third day"), Thursday - yom hamishi (fifth in Hebrew , fourth in Russian), etc.

Please note: each day of the week corresponds to a certain letter of the Hebrew alphabet, for example, Sunday corresponds to the first letter "aleph" - יוֹם א "yom aleph". This phenomenon is associated with the desire to shorten the names, so such abbreviations are very often used in spoken and written language.

Day of the week Hebrew Pronunciation

Sunday יוֹם רִאשוֹן — א Yom Rishon

Monday יוֹם שֵנִי — ב Yom Sheni (Bet)

Tuesday יוֹם שלִישִי — ג Yom shlish (gimel)

Wednesday יוֹם רְבִיעִי — ד Yom Rabiah (dalet)

Thursday יוֹם חֲמִישִי — ה Yom Hamishi (Hey)

Friday יוֹם שִישִי — ו Yom shishi (vav)

Saturday שַבָּת - ש Shabbat

Expanding vocabulary:

Two days

Every day/every day

Daily/everyday

Diary - יוֹמָן "Yoman"

Daytime - יוֹמִי "yomi"

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