. 2nd PERSON PERSONAL PRONOUNS

. 2nd PERSON PERSONAL PRONOUNS

A. Griber

In this lesson, you will learn about personal pronouns of the 2nd person, masculine and feminine, singular and plural.

In Hebrew, unlike the Russian language, there is no formal distinction between the forms "you" and "you" when referring to one person. These appeals are normal in any situation, regardless of age, social status and other things.

The polite appeal to “You”, which is inherent in some other languages, including Russian, is absent in Hebrew. And in general, there are practically no strict rules of etiquette. In any case, there is no form with “you”, and every person is addressed with “you”.

When talking with a male person, you should address him with the word "ata". This word corresponds to the Russian word "you" and indicates a participant in your speech act of communication, that is, a listener, who is a masculine person.

The Hebrew consonant "t", unlike the Russian language, is pronounced when the tip of the tongue touches the alveoli of the palate. But it can have two pronunciations. Its first pronunciation gives a deaf stop sound with a "hard section", that is, without aspiration at the moment of separation. But the second pronunciation is accompanied by an aspiratory “compartment”, that is, some aspiration at the moment of separation, as in Russian the second sound “t” in the word “that”.

This word has the following spelling:

אַתָה (atA) - “you (m. R.).

The letter ת (tav) - the 22nd letter of the Hebrew alphabet is pronounced like the sound "t" (with some aspiration). This letter has a numerical value - 400 (four hundred).

The last letter of this word is ה (hey) - the 5th letter of the Hebrew alphabet has a numerical value - 5 (five).

In writing the letter ה (hey), pay attention to the "space" between the lower left vertical line and the upper line. This element will allow you to distinguish the letter ה (hey) from the similar letter ח (hat), where there is no such "space".

The letter ה (hey) is pronounced like the sound "h" or not pronounced at all. In the position of the absolute beginning of a word, this letter is often not pronounced. Where it is regularly pronounced is at the beginning of a syllable before a vowel. In the position of the end of the word, the letter "hey" is not pronounced in oral speech (with the exception of special cases of literary pronunciation).

When talking with a female person, you should address her with the word "at". This word corresponds to the Russian word "you" and indicates a participant in your speech act of communication, that is, a listener, who is a female person.

This word has the following spelling:

אַת (at) - “you (female).

If your interlocutors are several people, among whom there is at least one male person, then you should address them with the word “atem”. This word corresponds to the Russian word "you" and indicates the participants in your speech act of communication, that is, the listeners, who are masculine or common.

The Hebrew vowel "e" is pronounced in the same way as the similar vowel sound of the Russian language UNDER ACCENT. In unstressed syllables, this sound in Russian is pronounced differently. In Hebrew, this sound is pronounced the same way, both under stress and in an unstressed syllable.

The Hebrew consonant "m" is pronounced in the same way as the similar sound of the Russian language.

This word has the following spelling:

אַתֶם (atem) - “you (m. R.).

Under the letter ת (tav) there is a vowel, which is three dots arranged in a triangle with the top at the bottom - תֶ. This vowel is called "segol" and is pronounced like the vowel sound "e".

The letter ם (mem sofit - mem final) - the 13th letter of the Hebrew alphabet has such a mark only at the end of the word. At the beginning and middle of a word, this letter has the following outline - מ (mem). It is pronounced like a consonant "m". This letter has a numerical value - 40 (forty).

In writing the letter ם (mem sofit), pay attention to the lower left right angle. This element will allow you to distinguish between the letter ם (mem sofit) and the similar letter ס (sAmeh), where there is no such right angle.

If your interlocutors are only females, then you should address them with the word "atEn". This word corresponds to the Russian word "you" and indicates the participants in your speech act of communication, that is, the listeners, who are feminine.

This word has the following spelling:

אַתֶן (atEn) - “you (female).

In writing the letter "nun sofit" note the very long line of the letter that extends beyond the line. This element will allow you to distinguish the letter ן (nun sofIt) from the similar letter ו (vav), but with a shorter line of the letter that does not extend beyond the line.

I want to draw your attention to the fact that all personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person begin with the letter א (Aleph) and the sound "a".

All personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person are directly related to reality, to the moment of speech.