. DEACTIVE PRONOUNS "THIS"
. DEACTIVE PRONOUNS "THIS"
A. Griber
In this lesson, you will learn about demonstrative pronouns with the meaning "it".
In Russian, there is one single demonstrative pronoun with the meaning "this", which applies to both masculine, feminine and neuter words, as well as singular and plural words.
In Hebrew, things are quite different.
Depending on the gender of a person, as well as on the grammatical gender of an object, phenomenon or event, there are several types of demonstrative pronouns in Hebrew with the meaning “this”.
When we point to a male person, as well as to an object, phenomenon or event of the masculine gender, we use the demonstrative pronoun
זֶה (ze) - "this (m. R.)".
The Hebrew consonant "z" is pronounced in the same way as the similar sound of the Russian language.
The letter ז (zayin) is the 7th letter of the Hebrew alphabet, pronounced like the sound "z". It has a numerical value - 7 (seven).
Let's make simple sentences with the words you know.
A male person, pointing to himself, will say:
.זֶה אֲנִי
(ze anI.)
"It's me".
Pointing to your male interlocutor, you should say:
.זֶה אַתָה
(ze ata.)
"It's you (m. R.)."
Pointing to a male person, as well as to an object, phenomenon or event of the masculine gender, you should say:
.זֶה הוּא
(ze hu.)
"It's him".
The demonstrative pronoun זֹאת (zot) - “this (female)” indicates a female person, as well as an object, phenomenon or event of the feminine gender.
The Hebrew vowel “o” is pronounced in the same way as the similar vowel sound of the Russian language UNDER THE ACCENT. In unstressed syllables, this sound in Russian is pronounced differently. In Hebrew, the sound "o" is pronounced the same way, both under stress and in an unstressed syllable.
This sound completed your introduction to Hebrew vowel sounds. Therefore, we can draw some conclusions.
In Hebrew, unlike Russian, there are only five vowels. These are "a", "o", "e", "y", "and". They, unlike similar sounds of the Russian language, are always pronounced the same way, both in a stressed syllable and in an unstressed one. That is, the articulation of vowels in Hebrew is always the same.
In the word זֹאת (zot) on the left above the letter ז (zayin) there is a dot, which represents the vowel "holam". This vowel is pronounced like the vowel sound "o".
The letter א (Aleph) is not pronounced, since there are no vowels with it.
A female person, pointing to herself, will say:
.זֹאת אֲנִי
(zot ani.)
"It's me".
Pointing to your female interlocutor, you should say:
.זֹאת אַת
(zot at.)
"It's you (female)".
Pointing to a female person, as well as to an object, phenomenon or event of the female gender, you should say:
.זֹאת הִיא
(zot hi.)
"That's her".
The demonstrative pronouns אֵלֶה, אֵלוּ (Ele, Elu) indicate several persons, regardless of their gender, as well as several objects, phenomena or events, regardless of their gender.
The Hebrew consonant "l", unlike the Russian language, is pronounced when the tip of the tongue touches the palate next to the upper teeth.
The letter ל (lamed) is the 12th letter of the Hebrew alphabet, pronounced like the sound "l". It has a numerical value - 30 (thirty).
Persons male and female, pointing to themselves as a kind of community "I and others", will say:
.אֵלֶה אֲנַחְנוּ
(Ele anAkhnu.)
"This is us".
Pointing to your male and female interlocutors, you should say:
.אֵלֶה אַתֶם
(Ele atem.)
"It's you (m. R.)."
.אֵלוּ אַתֶן
(Elu atEn.)
"It's you (female)".
Pointing to male and female persons, as well as to objects, phenomena or events of the male and female gender, you should say:
.אֵלֶה הֵם
(Ele hem.)
"They are (m. R.)".
.אֵלוּ הֵן
(Elu hen.)
"It's them (f. R.)".
You have already learned how to make simple sentences. It's time to learn how to make small dialogues.
- ?זֶה אַתָה
- (ze ATA?)
- “Is that you (m. R.)?”
- .כֵּן, זֶה אֲנִי
- (ken, ze ani.)
- "Yes it's me".
This is a dialogue with a male interlocutor, that is, with a masculine person.
The word כֵּן (ken) is translated into Russian with the words “yes; so, indeed (true); sincere".
The Hebrew consonant "k" is pronounced in the same way as the similar sound of the Russian language.
The letter כ (kaf) - the 11th letter of the Hebrew alphabet has a numerical value - 20 (twenty).
Depending on the presence or absence of a dot inside the letter, this letter can be pronounced both as a “k” sound (with a dot inside the letter) and as an “x” sound (without a dot inside the letter). Such a dot inside the letter is called "dagEsh". As a rule, at the beginning of a word, the letter "kaf" is pronounced as the sound "k", and at the end of the word - as the sound "x". In the middle of a word, both pronunciations are used. At the end of the word, the letter כ (kaf) has a different inscription - ך and is called "chaf sofit - haf final".
- ?זֹאת אַת
- (zot at?)
- “Is that you (female)?”
- .כֵּן, זֹאת אֲנִי
- (ken, thot ani.)
- "Yes it's me".
This is a dialogue with a female interlocutor, that is, with a female person.
-? זֶה הוּא
- (ze hu?)
- "It's him?"
- .לֹא, זֹאת הִיא
- (lo, thot hi.)
- "No, it's her."
The word לֹא (lo) is translated into Russian with the words “no (negative answer); not (negative particle), nor.
- ?אֵלֶה אַתֶם/אַתֶן
- (Ele atem/atEn?)
- "It is you?"
- .כֵּן, אֵלֶה אֲנַחְנוּ
- (ken, Ele anAkhnu.)
- "Yes, it's us."
- ?אֵלֶה הֵם
- (Ele hem?)
- "Are they (m. R.)?"
- לֹא, אֵלֶה הֵן.
- (lo, Ele hen.)
- "No, it's them (female)".